![]() Note that the Standard Model counts six flavors of quarks and six flavors of leptons. This process is equivalent to the process in which a neutrino interacts with a neutron.Īs can be seen from the figure, the weak interaction changes one flavor of quark into another. The W – boson then decays into a beta particle and an antineutrino. During beta decay, one of two down quarks changes into an up quark by emitting a W – boson (carries away a negative charge). This second ejected electron is called an Auger electron.īeta decay is governed by weak interaction. Sometimes X-ray may interact with another orbital electron, which may be ejected from the atom. Since the process leaves a vacancy in the electron energy level from which the electron came, the outer electrons of the atom cascade down to fill the lower atomic levels, and one or more characteristic X-rays are usually emitted. If it is in an excited state, the resulting daughter nuclide then transitions to its ground state, usually gamma-ray emission, but de-excitation may also occur by internal conversion. On the other hand, electron capture is always an alternative decay mode for radioactive isotopes with sufficient energy to decay by positron emission. Electron capture is the primary decay mode for isotopes with insufficient energy (Q < 2 x 511 keV) difference between the isotope and its prospective daughter for the nuclide to decay by emitting a positron. ![]() This process competes with positive beta decay, which is more common for lighter nuclei. The electron is normally captured from an inner shell of an atom (K-shell). In this process, a parent nucleus may capture one of its orbital electrons and emits a neutrino. ![]() In this process, a proton-rich nucleus can also reduce its nuclear charge by one unit by absorbing an atomic electron. Electron capture, also known as inverse beta decay, is sometimes included as a type of beta decay because the basic nuclear process, mediated by the weak interaction, is the same. Electron capture is a process in which a parent nucleus captures one of its orbital electrons and emits a neutrino.
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